1-Tier Architecture

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  • In this architecture, the database is directly available to the user. It means the user can directly sit on the DBMS and uses it.
  • Any changes done here will directly be done on the database itself. It doesn't provide a handy tool for end users.
  • The 1-Tier architecture is used for development of the local application, where programmers can directly communicate with the database for the quick response.

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2-Tier Architecture

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चित्र
The 2-Tier architecture is same as basic client-server. In the two-tier architecture, applications on the client end can directly communicate with the database at the server side. For this interaction, API's like:  ODBC ,  JDBC  are used. The user interfaces and application programs are run on the client-side. The server side is responsible to provide the functionalities like: query processing and transaction management. To communicate with the DBMS, client-side application establishes a connection with the server side. Fig: 2-tier Architecture
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Terminology and overview

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Formally, a "database" refers to a set of related data and the way it is organized. Access to this data is usually provided by a "database management system" (DBMS) consisting of an integrated set of computer software that allows  users  to interact with one or more databases and provides access to all of the data contained in the database (although restrictions may exist that limit access to particular data). The DBMS provides various functions that allow entry, storage and retrieval of large quantities of information and provides ways to manage how that information is organized. Because of the close relationship between them, the term "database" is often used casually to refer to both a database and the DBMS used to manipulate it. Outside the world of professional  information technology , the term  database  is often used to refer to any collection of related data (such as a  spreadsheet  or a card index) as size and usage requirements typically n
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Database languages

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Database languages are special-purpose languages, which allow one or more of the following tasks, sometimes distinguished as  sublanguages : Data control language  (DCL) – controls access to data; Data definition language  (DDL) – defines data types such as creating, altering, or dropping and the relationships among them; Data manipulation language  (DML) – performs tasks such as inserting, updating, or deleting data occurrences; Data query language  (DQL) – allows searching for information and computing derived information.
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